Compound burner for lamps



Patented Aug. 10, i880.

Inven'tor:

N.PETERS, PHOTD-LWHOGRAPHER. WASHINGTONv DJ).

UNITED JAMES ORUTOHETT, OF STROUDWATER, ENGLAND, RESIDING AT ASK- INGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 231,013, dated August 10, 1880.

Application filed December- 26, 1879.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, J AMES Gnocronnr'r, of Stroudwater, England, residing in VVashington, District of Columbia, have invented new and useful Improvements in Lamps or Burners for Burning Gas, Oils, or Garburets; and they have for their object the production of a powerful light or heat, of which the following is a specification.

The invention consists in certain special features of construction, whereby there is secured a moreetfectual combination of atmospheric air with the carbureted hydrogen gas, oil-carburets, or other gas, and the construction is, with certain slight adaptations hereinafter stated, suitable for use either with or without wicks, dependent upon whether the illuminating material be a gas or liquid, and the apparatus is also available for the purposes of ventilation.

The specialties of my invention will more fully appear from the following description, in connection with accompanying drawings, in which-- Figure 1 is a perspective view of a compound burner having two concentric hollowburners or gas-chambers perforated at their tops, the glass shade being shown as partially broken away better to display certain parts. Fig. 2 is avertical section of a similar burner having three such annular hollow burners. Fig. 3 is a top or plan view, showing the tops of the burners open instead of punctured, and supplied with wicks. Fig. 3* illustrates a portion of a burner in which both kinds of burnersthat is, those without wick and those with a wick-are used in the same apparatus when desired. Figs. 4 and 5 show, respectively, different forms of heads upon the cylinders, which are placed between the burners. Fig. 6 is a detail in perspective, showing a provision for a vertical adjustment of these headed cylinders; and Figs. 7 and 8 indicate parallel rows of burners, whether straight or curved, as distinguished from the annular or ring form, and of which, as in the ring form, any desired number may be employed.

A, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 3*, and 5, shows the heads or tops of the cylinders which divide the airpassages between the burners and guide the aircurrents in their upward course into the ascending carburets of gas, oil, or other carbonaceous matter or products, as the case may be. These heads are made in a special manner, in order more efi'ectually than heretofore, so far as known to me,to secure thorough combustion, a more complete and efficient admixture at the right time of atmospheric air with the carburets or carbonaceous compounds or gas, and to insure a more satisfactory color and softness of light.

The heads A (shown in the figures last above named) are made with concave curves 11 (see Fig. 5) in lines about corresponding with a quarter-circle, one of the curves being on each side of the cylinder which they surmount. The top lines of these heads are arched or curved, as shown at A. These curves 1 1 will vary somewhat from ninety degrees, (90 or a quarter-circle, dependent upon the size of the burner and the rapidity of the current, small burners and less rapid currents requiring a lesser degree of concavity in the head. The curves 1 1 afford a smooth, easy, steady guide for the air-currents by beginning to defleet the air from the perpendicular course at the beginning of the curve, and continuing this deflection gradually and regularly up to the end of the curve-that is, for about ninety degreesto the line or point of combustion, and they avoid all angularity or direct break in, or disturbance or blockade of, such currents which are incident to a head the under side of which is a horizontal plane at right angles to its supporting-cylinder, and which would tend to cause the gas to become carbonic oxide before combustion, and to that extent to lose its illuminating power, because such oxide is not an illuminant. The curved heads tend also to prevent stiff crossing currents, which might impair or retard a good combustion or the desired character of flame and light.

For simply guiding the lip-current and entirely consuming the carbon, I prefer the form shown in Fig. 4, the top of which has two concaves, 3 3, above the concaves 1 1, and terminating in a point, as shown; but for general purposes I deem the form shown in Fig. 5 the better one, because it has no projection above its arch A which could obstruct the light, while its arch A or rounded swell at the same time prevents eddies in the uprising currents.

B B are tubes for conveying gas or carbon vapor from the supply-pipe or vessel-head to the hollow burners B. These tubes are shown as curved, but they may, of course, be straight, upright, or horizontal, as desired, dependent upon the general construction or size of the body of the apparatus, as circumstances may require, and on the character of the material used for combustion.

G or 0, respectively, are inlets for the supply, by means of any suitable tubes or conveyers, of an additional supply of carbons, when desirable, whether gases, carbon vapors, or liquids; but this is needed only where a more intense light is wanted than is afforded in ordinary lamps or burners, whether burning oils or gas. In case of liquids the bottom D (see Fig. 2) would of course be closed, this open bottom being shown as made with an inner screw-thread, whereby it may be attached to any ordinary gas-tube or supply-pipe. The inlet 0 is for liquids or hydrocarbons, and the inlet 0 for an extra supply of gas.

The inlets (l or C may of course be dispensed with, if desired, in any case, and the connection D will not be needed when the apparatus is attached to a lamp-body. In such case the chamber D would become the oil or liquid chamber..

E E are horizontal orifices, or, rather, orifices at the sides, as distinguished from the top or bottom of the tubes B, and from which orifices the gas, 850., is delivered into the hollow burners B. This causes the discharge of the gas or carbureted vapor into the burners in horizontal currents, thus insuring a more equal and uniform distribution of the same throughoutthehollow or chamber of the burner than if the orifices were above or merely at the ends of tubes B, because the line of discharge is in the direction of the long or annular space and near its bottom, instead of directly upward or directly against the wall of such chamber.

The bottoms b of the hollow burners are made taperingor with beveled edges, as shown, in order to divide the ascending currents of air equally as they are supplied to the flame, and also for the purpose of easing their ascent and preventing abrupt or eddying currents, it being of great importance practically that, while a plentiful supply of air be furnished, it should also be delivered at the desired points in as equal, steady, and regular streams as are attainable.

F F are bars or supports which support and permit the vertical adjustment of the headed cylinders I, these cylinders being made with slots M, (see Fig. 6,) adapted to receive snugly,

or rather to span and hold by friction upon,

such bars, the slots being made high enough to permit any desired degree of adjustment. These bars F are attached to the hollow Argand rings or burners, and these burners are supported by the supply-tubes B, and these tubes are, as shown, supported by the gas or lamp body. In Fig. 3 the dotted lines F Findicate the position of these supports F F in a concentric burner, and it will thus be seen that each cylinder is equally supported at four points, thus affording a reasonable certainty of its retaining the position to which it may be. adjusted-a matter of much importance in order that the upward currents of atmospheric air shall be uniformly distributed and equally guided to both sides of the burners or flames.

K, Fig. 8, indicates straight burners in parallel rows, and N, Fig. 7, indicates curved parallel rows of burners. In Fig. 3*, 19 indicates the perforations in the burners, and Q, indicates wicks both in Figs. 3 and 3*.

G is the exterior shade or chimney, which may be of glass, mica, or other suitable material, and H a metal-wire spring or other suitable device to retain the chimney and parts in place.

I indicates the cylinders, surmounted by the deflector-heads A, and it will be understood that all the cylinders I, as well as the outer one, 0", are to be vertically adjustable, as shown in Fig. 6, and at I in Fig. 2.

The outer wall or exterior deflector, r, is shown somewhat farther distant from the burner than are the cylinders I from their adjacent burners; but it may be equally distant, and it requires no doubly-curved head like A, but it is at its top curved inward to the proper distance relatively to the burner, and at about the same degree of curvature as the concaves 1 1 of heads A, so as to supply about an equal relative amount of atmospheric air to the outside of the outer burner with that supplied by the adjacent head A to the inner side of the same burner.

The cylinders I or their heads A, or both, may be made of metal, glass, (preferably annealed,)lava, or other suitable material adapted to bear a high degree of heat.

I am aware that deflectors have been employed in lamp-stoves, such deflectors being curved toward the flame; but because of the open space between the two curved parts, on the upper side thereof, they tend to create eddies in the currents. This construction I do not claim and I am also aware that adjustable cylinders have been surmounted with caps or flanges which form right angles with the cylinders; but for reasons hereinbefore stated such flanges will not perform all the functions of the heads shown and described by me.

What I claim is- 1. In a compound burner, adjustable concentric cylinders surmounted with deflectors having convex tops or heads, and having the two concave curves 1 1, each in the are of a circle and extending about ninety degrees from the cylinder, as and for the purpose described.

2. Cylinders provided with deflector tops or heads having the two concave curves 1 1, as

described, and also the two concave curves 3 their discharging ends, in combination with a 3 above the same, as and for the purposes dehollow burner, B, K, or N, as and for the purscribed. pose described. 1 5

3. In a compound burner, the combination, 6. Adjustable airdeflecting cylinders for 5 with the single gas-chamber D, provided with burners, made with slots M, and upheld by bars a main inlet and an auxiliary inlet, of tubes B, F within such slots as and for the purpose set provided with side outlets, E, as and for the forth.

purposes described.

4. Hollow burners B, made with beveled or JAMES ORUTOHETT' 1o angular bottoms W, as and for the purpose de- Witnesses:

scribed. A. G. RICHARDS,

Inlet-tubes B, made with side outlets at JNO. R. DALE. 

